BIO MECHANICS- 2MARKS- PART-2

DIARTHROSIS:

  • A synovial joint, also known as diarthrosis, joins bones with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joined bones, constitutes the outer boundary of a synovial cavity, and surrounds the bones’ articulating surfaces. The synovial cavity/joint is filled with synovial fluid.
  • Example: knee joint and most of the joints of the limbs.

ANTAGONIST:

  • Antagonist and agonist muscles often occur in pairs, called antagonistic pairs. As one muscle contracts, the other relaxes. An example of an antagonistic pair is the biceps and triceps; to contract – the triceps relaxes while the biceps contracts to lift the arm.
  • Antagonistic pairs of muscles create movement when one (the prime mover) contracts and the other (the antagonist) relaxes. Examples of antagonistic pairs working are: the quadriceps and hamstrings in the leg. the biceps and triceps in the arm.

ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION:

  • Isometric exercise or isometrics are a type of strength training in which the joint angle and muscle length do not change during contraction there is no movement at a joint.

PREHENSION:

  • Prehension activities of the handinvolves the grasping or taking hold of an objective between any two surface in the hand.  Prehension can be categorised as either power grip or precision handling.

POSTURAL MUSCLES:

  • Postural muscles  act predominantly to sustain your posture in the gravity field. These muscles contain mostly slow-twitch muscle fibres and have a greater capacity for sustained work. They are prone to hyperactivity.

GLUTEUS MEDIUS LIMP:

  • The Trendelenburg gait pattern (or gluteus medius lurch) is an abnormal gait (as with walking) caused by weakness of the abductor muscles of the lower limb, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus.  A  lesion of superior gluteal nerve have weakness of abducting the thigh at the hip.

OSTEOKINEMATICS:

  • OSTEOKINEMATIC terms, such as abduction or adduction, flexion or extension, to name the movements that occur between bones at synovial joints.
  • These terms describe the movements that occur around a center of rotation, namely the joint axis.

KYPHOSIS:

  • The thoracic spine (upper back) has a normal outward curvature that is medically referred to as kyphosis or the “kyphotic” curve by which the spine is bent forward.

CATHERINE SHALINI RAJA
M.P.T.,MIAP.,PGDYN
CARDIO RESPIRATORY PHYSCIAL THERAPIST
FITNESS & SPORTS REHABILITATION SPECIALIST.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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