ARTICLE CONTRIBUTORS,

3RD YEAR BPT. VINAYAKA MISSIONS COLLEGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY.

• SOUNDARYA
• VISHWA
• KOWSALYA
• IMMAN BABU
• VASANTH KUMAR.

DEFINE CEREBRAL PALSY?

• IT IS A NON PROGRESSIVE NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER.
• IT IS OTHER WISE CALLED AS LITTLE DISEASE.
• IT IS A GROUP DISORDER AFFECT MUSCLE MOVEMENT AND COORDINATION.
• AFFCETING THE BRAIN, LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM
• CEREBRAL – HAVING TO DO WITH BRAIN
• PALSY- WEAKNESS OR PROBLEM WITH BODY MOVEMENT.

WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS IN CEREBRAL PALSY?

• EARLY ONSET
• IMPAIRED MOTOR SKILLS
• IMPAIRED CO-ORDINATION
• NON- PROGRESSIVE IN NATURE
• DELAYED MILESTONE

TYPES OF CEREBRAL PALSY?

• SPASTIC
• ATHETOID
• ATAXIC
• RIGID
• MIXED

DEFINE SPASTIC?

• IT IS DAMAGE OF CEREBRAL PALSY
• AFFECTING APPROXIMATELT 80% OF PEOPLE.
• IT IS MOST COMMON TYPE OF CEREBRAL PALSY.
• SPASTICITY IS A FORM OF HYPERTONIA OR INCREASED MUSCLE TONE.
• STIFF MUSCLE
• DIFFICULT MOVEMENT.

DEFINE ATHETOID?

• IT IS OTHERWISE CALLED AS DYSKINETIC CEREBRAL PALSY.
• DUE TO DAMAGE TO THE BASAL GANGLION.
• IT IS OCCUR DURING BRAIN DEVELOPMENT DUE TO BILIRUBIN ENCEPHALOPATHY AND HYPOXI A-ISCHEMIC BRAIN INJURY.
• TREMOR
• POOR POSTURE.
• INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS.
• SLOW WRITHING MOVEMENTS.

TYPES OF ATHETOID CP?

• CHOREA:-

SUDDEN INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENT ,  ESPECIALLY IN FINGER AND TOES.

• ATHETOSIS:-

SLUGGISH, WRITING MOVEMENTS ,  MAINLY IN FINGERS AND FACE.

• CHOREA ATHETOID:-

A COMBINATION OF CHOREA AND ATHETOSIS.

• ATAXIA:-

LOSS OF BALANCE AND CO-ORDINATION.

• DYSKINESIA:-

GENERAL TERM TO DESCRIBE INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS.

• DYSTONIA:-

SLOW, ROTATIONAL MOVEMENTS OF THE TORSO,ARM OR LEG.

DEFINE ATAXIA?

• IT IS DUE TO DAMAGE TO CEREBELLUM.
• IT IS AFFECTING IN 5-10% PEOPLE.
• ATAXIA MEANING LACK OF COORDINATION AND ORDER.

SYMPTOMS:-

DIFFICULTY WALKING.

PROBLEM WITH BALANCE AND CO-ORDINATION.

NON SPASTIC CEREBRAL PALSY?

• IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS EXTRAPYRAMIDAL CEREBRAL PALSY.
• 20% OF PEOPLE AFFECTED.
• IT IS ABNORMAL MOVEMENTS IN ARM,LEG, HAND, MAKING IT DIFFICULT TO CONTROL BODY MOVEMENT AND CO-ORDINATION.

TYPES OF NON SPASTIC CEREBRAL PALSY?

• DYSKINETIC
• ATHETOID
• ATAXIC

HYPERTONIC CEREBRAL PALSY?

• HYPERTONIC CEREBRAL PALSY ALSO KNOWN AS HYPOTONIC CEREBRAL PALSY.

• IT IS A FORM OF THE DISORDER MARKED BY ABNORMALLY RELAXED MUSCLE AND DECREASED MUSCLE TONE.

SYMPTOMS OF HYPOTONIC CEREBRAL PALSY?

• MUSCLE SPASM
• MUSCLE RESISTANCE WHEN TRYING TO MAKE MOVEMENTS.
• RESPIRATORY ISSUSES.
• SCISSOR MOVEMENT WITH LEGS.
• RANDOM MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS.
• ABNORMAL TRUNCAL TONE.

PHYSIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF CP?

• HEMIPLEGIA:- ONE SIDE OF THE BODY WILL BE AFFECTED
• DIPLEGIA:- IT AFFECTED UPPER OR LOWER LIMB
• MONOPLEGIA:- ONLY ONE LIMB WILL BE AFFECTED
• QUADRIPLEGIA:- ALL THE FOUR LIMBS WILL BE AFFECTED

WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL FEATURES IN CEREBRAL PALSY?

• ADUCTOR SPASM OF HIP
• DROOPING OF SALIVA
• VISUAL PROBLEM
• HEARING PROBLEM
• SPEECH DIFFICULTY
• EPILEPSY
• INCONTINENCE OF URINE
• BEHAVIOURAL ABNORMALITIES
• SEZUIRES
• COMMUNICATION DIFFICULTIES
• LEARNING DIFFICULTIES.

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES IN CEREBRAL PALSY?

• PRENATAL:-
• GENETIC FACTOR
• PREMATURITY
• MATERNAL INFECTION

• PERINATAL:-
• HYPOXIA
• TWISTING OF UMBLICAL CORD
• HYPERTHERMIA
• BIRTH INJURY

• POST NATAL:-
• INFECTION – TORCH INFECTION
• INFARCTION
• JAUNDICE
• NEONATAL INFECTION
• BLEEDING IN INTERAL CAROTID ARTERY

WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTOR IN CEREBRAL PALSY?

• PREMATURE BIRTH
• LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
• BREECH BIRTH
• FEET COME OUT FIRST.

PREVENTION OF CEREBRAL PALSY?

• AVOID ABNORMAL DELIVERIES
• AVOID SKULL INJURIES
• AVOID MOTHER WHILE PREGNANCY CONSUPTION OF ALCOHOL.
• DON’T SMOKE.

HOW SEVERALY CHILD WILL BE AFFECTED BY CEREBRAL PALSY?

• DEPEND ON THE TYPE OF CEREBRAL PALSY AND THE EXTENT OF THE BRAIN DAMAGE OR BRAIN MALFORMATION WHICH CAUSED IT.
• IMPAIRMENT FROM CEREBRAL PALSY FROM MILD TO SEVERE.
• MANY PEOPLE WITH CEREBRAL PALSY LEAD NEARLY NORMAL LIVES, WHILE SOME CEREBRAL PALSY PATIENT REQUIRE CONSTANT CARE FROM OTHER THROUGHOUT THEIR LIVES.

IS CEREBRAL PALSY HEREDITARY?

• SOME CASES OF BRAIN MALFORMATION ARE DUE TO GENE ABNORMALITIES WHICH PREVENT THE BRAIN FROM DEVELOPING NORMALLY, BUT THIS IS RARE.
• MOST CASES OF CEREBRAL PALSY ARE NOT IN ANYWAY HEREDITARY, BUT ARE DUE TO FACTOR WHICH OCCURRED DURING THE COURSE OF THE PREGNANCY.

WHAT IS CONGENITAL CEREBRAL  PALSY?

• THE TERM CONGENITAL MEANS PRESENT AT BIRTH BETWEEN 90-95% OF CEREBRAL PALSY BIRTH CASES ARE CONGENITAL
• CONGENITAL CEREBRAL INCLUDE THOSE CASE WHICH WERE CAUSED BY OXYGEN DEPRIVATION DURING BIRTH.
• BRAIN TRAUMA, INFECTION, STROKES AND OTHER PROBLEM AFTER BIRTH CAN OCCASIONALY CAUSE ACQUIRED CEREBRAL PALSY.

DEFINE RIGID CEREBRAL PALSY?

• IT IS A TYPE OF CEREBRAL PALSY.
• THIS IS INCREASED TONE OF MUSCLE IN BOTH AGONIST AND ANTAGONIST MUSCLE.

DEFINE MIXED CEREBRAL PALSY?

• IT IS A TYPE OF CEREBRAL PALSY.
• IT IS A CONDITION OF MIXTURE OF ALL THE FOUR TYPE OF CEREBRAL PALSY.
• THE FOUR TYPE IN SPASTIC, ATHETOID, ATAXIC, RIGID.

CAUSES OF MIXED CEREBRAL PALSY?

• DAMAGE TO MOTOR CORTEX.
• DAMAGE TO PYRAMIDAL TRACTS.
• DAMAGE TO BASAL GANGLIA
• DAMAGE TO CEREBELLUM
• LACK OXYGEN IN DURING BIRTH.

WHAT ARE THE TREATMENT IN CEREBRAL PALSY?

• PHENOBARBITONE
• PHENYTONIN
• CARBOMAZEPINE
• DIAZEPAM
• DANTROLENE
• CLONAZEPAM.

WHAT IS HYPOTONIC CEREBRAL PALSY?

• HYPOTONIA IS DIMINISHED MUSCLE TONE.
• IT RESULT IN SEVERE BRAIN DAMAGE OR MALFORMATIONS
• ABNORMALITIES IN WALKING.
• SPEECH DIFFICULTY.

TEAM WORK.
STUDENTS FROM VMCPT
3RD YEAR.
2015-2016.