- TYPES OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS:
Relapsing -Remitting Multiple sclerosis
* Primary – Progressive Multiple sclerosis
* Secondary – Progressive Multiple sclerosis
* Progressive – Relapsing Multiple sclerosis.
2. NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA:
* It is a severe demyelinating, autoimmune , inflammatory process affecting the central nerves system i.e the spinal cord ( myelitis) and the optic nerve (optic neuritis).
* It causes various degree of weakness, loss of sensation including blindness.
* It is also called as Devic’s disease.
3.SPINAL TAP
* A lumbar puncture or spinal tap is performed in the lower back of lumbar region.
* During lumbar puncture, a needle is inserted between two lumbar bone to remove a sample of cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds your brain and spinal cord.
* It is usually between L3 – L4 or L4 -L5.
4.SPASTIC CEREBRAL PALSY
* It is caused by damage to the cerebral cortex.
* Actual function of cerebral cortex is coordination of motor and sensory information.
* It is upper motor neuron lesion which causes stiffy movement and increase in muscle tone.
5.ATAXIC CEREBRAL PALSY
* It is caused by damage to the cerebellum.
* Actual function of cerebellum is control of voluntary movement and maintenance of balance and posture
* It causes problem with balance and coordination muscle that affect the fine movement.
* It usually resembles drunken man.
6.DYSTONIC CEREBRAL PALSY
* Dystonic cerebral palsy is characterized by predominance of slow movement with muscle rigidity and a persistent abnormal poster that relax after second or minute.
* The patient have unwanted movement and spasm of the muscle.
* It can be difficult sometime impossible to control movement.
7.ATHETOID CEREBRAL PALSY
* It is caused by damage to the basal ganglia.
* Actual function of basal ganglia is control of voluntary motor movement.
* Involuntary movement happens here.
8.HYPOTONIA
* Hypotonia commonly known as floppy baby syndrome.
* It is a state of low muscle tone often involving reduced muscle strength.
* It affect the motor nerve it is a lack of resistance to passive movement.
9.HYPERTONIA
* Hypertonia is increase the tightness of muscle tone are reduced capacity of the muscle to stretch.
* It is caused by damage to the motor nerve pathway in the CNS.
* Untreated hypertonia can lead to loss of function and deformity
10.SJOGREN’S SYNDROME
* It is an autoimmune disease.
* Sjogren’s syndrome attack the glands that make tear and saliva.
* This causes dry mouth and dry eye.
Prepared by,
VIDYA SRI SENTHIL KUMAR,
3rd yr BPT,
VMCOPT,
2017-2018,
SALEM.