NEUROLOGY PART: 17

  1. TYPES OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS:

Relapsing -Remitting Multiple sclerosis
         * Primary – Progressive Multiple sclerosis
          * Secondary  – Progressive Multiple sclerosis
           * Progressive – Relapsing Multiple sclerosis.

2. NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA:
         * It is a severe demyelinating, autoimmune  , inflammatory process affecting the central nerves system i.e the spinal cord ( myelitis) and the optic nerve (optic neuritis).
        * It causes various degree of weakness, loss of sensation including blindness.
         * It is also called as Devic’s disease.

3.SPINAL TAP
         * A lumbar puncture or spinal tap is performed in the lower back of lumbar region.
         * During lumbar puncture, a needle is inserted between two lumbar bone to remove a sample of cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds your brain and spinal cord.
        * It is usually  between L3 – L4 or L4 -L5.

4.SPASTIC CEREBRAL PALSY
         *  It is caused by damage to the cerebral cortex.
         * Actual function of cerebral cortex is coordination of motor and sensory information.
         * It is upper motor neuron lesion which causes stiffy movement and increase in muscle tone.

5.ATAXIC CEREBRAL PALSY
          * It is caused by damage to the cerebellum.
          * Actual function of cerebellum is control of voluntary movement and maintenance of balance and posture
          * It causes problem with balance and coordination muscle that affect the fine movement.
          * It usually resembles drunken man.

6.DYSTONIC CEREBRAL PALSY
           * Dystonic cerebral palsy is characterized by predominance of slow movement with muscle rigidity and a persistent abnormal poster that relax after second or minute.
           * The patient have unwanted movement and spasm of the muscle.
            * It can be difficult sometime impossible to control movement.

7.ATHETOID CEREBRAL PALSY
           * It is caused by damage to the basal ganglia.
            *  Actual function of basal ganglia is control of voluntary motor movement.
            * Involuntary movement happens here.

8.HYPOTONIA
          * Hypotonia commonly known as floppy baby syndrome.
          * It is a state of low muscle tone often involving reduced muscle strength.
           * It affect the motor nerve it is a lack of resistance to passive movement.

9.HYPERTONIA
          * Hypertonia is increase the tightness of muscle tone are reduced capacity of the muscle to stretch.
          * It is caused by damage to the motor nerve pathway in the CNS.
          * Untreated hypertonia can lead to loss of function and deformity

10.SJOGREN’S SYNDROME
          * It is an autoimmune disease.
          * Sjogren’s syndrome attack the glands that make tear and saliva.
          * This causes dry mouth and dry eye.

Prepared by,
                                  
          VIDYA SRI SENTHIL KUMAR,
           3rd yr BPT,
           VMCOPT,
            2017-2018,
            SALEM
.


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