NEUROLOGY 2 MARKS : PART 15

HYPOTONIA :

  • Hypotonia, commonly known as floppy baby syndrome, is a state of low muscle tone, often involving reduced muscle strength.
  • Hypotonia can happen from damage to the brain, spinal cord, nerves, or muscles.
  • The damage can be the result of trauma, environmental factors, or genetic, muscle, or central nervous system disorders.

ASTHENIA:

  • Asthenia is a medical term referring to a condition in which the body lacks or has lost strength either as a whole or in any of its parts.
  • It denotes symptoms of physical weakness and loss of strength.

NEUROCIRCULATORY ASTHENIA:

  • A clinical syndrome characterized by palpitation, SHORTNESS OF BREATH, labored breathing, subjective complaints of effort and discomfort, all following slight PHYSICAL EXERTION.

ATAXIA:

  • Ataxia is a degenerative disease of the nervous system.
  • Many symptoms of Ataxia can mimic those of being drunk – slurred speech, stumbling, falling, and incoordination.
  • All are related to degeneration of the part of the brain, called the cerebellum that is responsible for coordinating movement.

Ataxia is an umbrella term used to classify a group of diseases that include:

  • Ataxia Telangiectasia
  • Episodic Ataxia
  • Friedreich’s Ataxia
  • Multiple System Atrophy
  • Spinocerebellar Ataxia
  • Sporadic Ataxia.     

THALAMUS:

  • The thalamus is located in the center of the brain at the top of the brain stem.
  • It consists of two symmetrical lobes that are about the size of a walnut.
  • The thalamus functions to relay sensory messages from the body to the brain and to regulate levels of consciousness.
  • The thalamus is involved in sensory and motor signal relay and the regulation of consciousness and sleep.

THALAMIC PAIN SYNDROME:

  • Dejerine–Roussy syndrome or thalamic pain syndrome is a condition developed after a thalamic stroke, a stroke causing damage to the thalamus.
  • Ischemic strokes and hemorrhagic strokes can cause lesioning in the thalamus.
  • Damage to a portion of the thalamus is associated with risk of coma. 
  • Damage in a portion of the thalamus can lead to sensory changes in a body part. 
  • Damage here can also cause movement disorders, lack of movement.

CATHERINE SHALINI RAJA
M.P.T.,MIAP.,PGDYN
CARDIO RESPIRATORY PHYSICAL THERAPIST
FITNESS & SPORTS REHABILITATION SPECIALIST.